Europe United: 1 football fan. 1 crazy season. 55 UEFA nations

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Each day brings brand new challenges and bold new opportunities to the UK. We have the resources, knowledge and appetite to take them on. We know the UK inside out – and we’re determined to achieve the very best for it… The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. The Acts of Union 1707 declared that the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland were "United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain". [o] [34] The term "United Kingdom" has occasionally been used as a description for the former Kingdom of Great Britain, although its official name from 1707 to 1800 was simply "Great Britain". [35] The Acts of Union 1800 united the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Following the partition of Ireland and the independence of the Irish Free State in 1922, which left Northern Ireland as the only part of the island of Ireland within the United Kingdom, the name was changed in 1927 to the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". [36] By the mid-1920s, most of the British population could listen to BBC radio programmes. [92] [93] Experimental television broadcasts began in 1929 and the first scheduled BBC Television Service commenced in 1936. [94] The rise of Irish nationalism, and disputes within Ireland over the terms of Irish Home Rule, led eventually to the partition of the island in 1921. [95] The Irish Free State became independent, initially with Dominion status in 1922, and unambiguously independent in 1931. Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom. [96] The 1928 Equal Franchise Act gave women electoral equality with men in national elections. Strikes in the mid-1920s culminated in the General Strike of 1926, which ended in a victory for the government led by Stanley Baldwin. Britain had still not recovered from the effects of the First World War when the Great Depression (1929–1932) led to considerable unemployment and hardship in the old industrial areas, as well as political and social unrest with rising membership in communist and socialist parties. A coalition government was formed in 1931. [97] Spitfire and Hurricane as flown in the Battle of Britain during the Second World War

Main articles: Science and technology in the United Kingdom and Telecommunications in the United Kingdom Cambridge is the most intensive research cluster for science and technology in the world. [272] European Commission – PRESS RELEASES – Press release – Making the European elections more democratic and boosting participation – Ground is prepared, say two Commission reports". Europa.eu . Retrieved 24 January 2016. From the late 1960s, Northern Ireland suffered communal and paramilitary violence (sometimes affecting other parts of the UK) conventionally known as the Troubles. It is usually considered to have ended with the 1998 Belfast "Good Friday" Agreement. [114] Canary Wharf, a symbol of the financial reforms initiated by Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s Churchill used the term "United States of Europe" in a speech delivered on 19 September 1946 at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. [25] In this speech given after the end of the Second World War, Churchill concluded:

The United Kingdom has evolved from a series of annexations, unions and separations of constituent countries over several hundred years. The Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which included Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland in 1707 resulted in their unification to become the Kingdom of Great Britain. Its union in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Most of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which formally adopted its name in 1927. [m] The nearby Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey are not part of the UK, being Crown Dependencies, but the British government is responsible for their defence and international representation. [18] Horizon Europe delivers calls through dedicated work programmes. Find out more about the work programmes under Horizon Europe (European Commission).

In 2012, Viviane Reding, the Luxembourgish Vice-president of the European Commission called in a speech in Passau Germany and in a series of articles and interviews for the establishment of the United States of Europe as a way to strengthen the unity of Europe. [39] Matteo Renzi [ edit ] Main articles: History of the United Kingdom during the First World War, Partition of Ireland, Interwar Britain, United Kingdom home front during the Second World War, and Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II Wreaths being laid during the Remembrance Sunday service at the Cenotaph in Whitehall, LondonThe term "United States of Europe" ( French: États-Unis d'Europe) was used by Victor Hugo, including during a speech at the International Peace Congress held in Paris in 1849. [11] Hugo favoured the creation of "a supreme, sovereign senate, which will be to Europe what parliament is to England" and said: "A day will come when all nations on our continent will form a European brotherhood ... A day will come when we shall see ... the United States of America and the United States of Europe face to face, reaching out for each other across the seas". During his exile from France, Hugo planted a tree in the grounds of his residence on the Island of Guernsey and was noted in saying that when this tree matured the United States of Europe would have come into being. This tree to this day is still growing in the gardens of Maison de Hauteville, St. Peter Port, Guernsey. Wales accounts for less than 9 per cent of the UK, covering 8,020 square miles (20,779km 2). [157] Wales is mostly mountainous, though South Wales is less mountainous than North and mid Wales. The highest mountains in Wales are in Snowdonia and include Snowdon ( Welsh: Yr Wyddfa) which, at 1,085 metres (3,560ft), is the highest peak in Wales. [152] Wales has over 1,680 miles (2,704 kilometres) of coastline including the Pembrokeshire Coast. [140] Several islands lie off the Welsh mainland, the largest of which is Anglesey ( Ynys Môn). The Union Movement was a British party founded by Oswald Mosley after the dissolution of his British Union of Fascists. Mosley first presented his idea of " Europe a Nation" in his book The Alternative in 1947.

The geographical division of the United Kingdom into counties or shires began in England and Scotland in the early Middle Ages, and was completed throughout Great Britain and Ireland by the early Modern Period. [185] Modern local government by elected councils, partly based on the ancient counties, was established by separate Acts of Parliament: in England and Wales in 1888, Scotland in 1889 and Ireland in 1898, meaning there is no consistent system of administrative or geographic demarcation across the UK. [186] The Union of European Federalists (UEF) is a European non-governmental organisation campaigning for a Federal Europe. It consists of 20 constituent organisations and it has been active at the European, national and local levels for more than 50 years. A young branch called the Young European Federalists also exists in 30 countries of Europe. [ citation needed] European Movement International [ edit ] According to Eurobarometer (2013), 69% of citizens of the EU were in favour of direct elections of the President of the European Commission and 46% support the creation of a united EU army. [52]World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division . Retrieved July 17, 2022. Churchill's was a more cautious approach ("the unionist position") to European integration than was the continental approach that was known as "the federalist position". [28] The Federalists advocated full integration with a constitution, while the Unionist United Europe Movement advocated a consultative body; the Federalists prevailed at the Congress of Europe. [28] The primary accomplishment of the Congress of Europe was the European Court of Human Rights, which predates the European Union. [29] In The Old Earth, the third volume (1911) of Jerzy Żuławski's The Lunar Trilogy, the USE is a communist state.

Most of the United Kingdom has a temperate climate, with generally cool temperatures and plentiful rainfall all year round. [137] The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below 0 °C (32 °F) or rising above 30°C (86°F). [144] Some parts, away from the coast, of upland England, Wales, Northern Ireland and most of Scotland, experience a subpolar oceanic climate ( Cfc). Higher elevations in Scotland experience a continental subarctic climate ( Dfc) and the mountains experience a tundra climate ( ET). [145] National quarterly estimate "The population increased by 3,860 in the third quarter of 2022" . Retrieved 2022-12-02. The UK is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy operating under the Westminster system, otherwise known as a "democratic parliamentary monarchy". [159] It is a centralised, unitary state [160] [161] wherein the Parliament of the United Kingdom is sovereign. [162] Parliament is made up of the elected House of Commons, the appointed House of Lords and the Crown (as personified by the monarch). [p] [165] The main business of parliament takes place in the two houses, [165] but royal assent is required for a bill to become an act of parliament (that is, statute law). [166] As a result of parliamentary sovereignty, the British constitution is uncodified, consisting mostly of disparate written sources, including parliamentary statutes, judge-made case law and international treaties, together with constitutional conventions. [167] Nevertheless, the Supreme Court recognises a number of principles underlying the British constitution, such as parliamentary sovereignty, the rule of law, democracy, and upholding international law. [168] Main articles: Postwar Britain (1945–1979) and Social history of Postwar Britain (1945–1979) The British Empire at its territorial peak in 1921 All calls in Work Programme 2024 will be covered by association, and the UK guarantee scheme will be extended to cover all calls under Work Programme 2023.Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe– Research organisation maintaining a digital library on European integration Europe is the second-smallest continent, and it could be described as a large peninsula or as a subcontinent. Europe is the western portion of the Eurasian landmass and is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. Several larger islands belong to Europe, such as Iceland or the British Isles with the UK and Ireland. Main articles: History of England, History of Wales, History of Scotland, and History of Ireland Stonehenge in Wiltshire is a ring of stones, each about 4m (13ft) high, 2m (7ft) wide and 25 tonnes, erected 2400–2200BC.